Protecting our Digital Frontiers from Cyber Attack

Ransomware is a malicious attack that uses software to encrypt the digital files of an individual or organisation and then demands a ransom to restore access.

Protecting against ransomware involves a combination of robust preventative measures such as employee education, timely system updates, strong backup policies and proactive threat hunting.

Phishing remains one of the most prevalent forms of cyber attack. In this deceptive method, attackers pose as trusted entities, often through email or text messages.

They then trick individuals into revealing sensitive information like login credentials or credit card numbers.

Spear Phishing is a recent development that specifically targets individuals or companies.

Malware is short for malicious software. This is code designed to cause damage to a user's computer system or network. Examples include viruses, ransomware, and spyware.

In recent years, the advent of Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) has seen malware deployed over extended periods, emphasising the need for robust detection and response mechanisms.

Cookie hijacking, also known as session hijacking, is an attack where unauthorised parties intercept or steal session cookies to gain unauthorised access to web applications.

This allows the hijacker to impersonate the user's session, leading to potential data theft or manipulation.

DoS and DDoS attacks are aimed at disrupting a network or service by overloading it with excessive traffic or exploiting system vulnerabilities.

DDoS attacks are often more damaging, leveraging a network of 'botnets' to amplify the assault, causing serious downtime and loss of business continuity.

Social engineering attacks, including baiting, phishing, pretexting, quid pro quo and tailgating, manipulate individuals into performing actions or divulging confidential information.

These attacks often involve tricking users into breaking security procedures, for example by impersonating trusted entities via phishing emails or scam calls.

An SQL injection cyber attack involves the exploitation of vulnerable data-driven applications, primarily those that use SQL for querying database systems.

Attackers manipulate SQL code to gain access to data, highlighting the critical need for robust application security measures and regular patching.

In a MitM attack, cybercriminals intercept communication between two parties to steal data or spread malware.

Typically, Man-in-the-Middle attacks occur in non-secure public Wi-Fi networks, underlining the importance of VPN usage and encrypted communication for digital security.

Zero-day exploits take advantage of undisclosed software vulnerabilities before vendors have had a chance to develop patches.

Due to their unpredictable nature, these attacks underscore the necessity of a proactive cybersecurity posture, including threat intelligence and vulnerability management.

Insider threats, whether they come from intentional sources or are accidental in nature, may cause severe damage to an organisation's digital infrastructure.

Comprehensive security policies, access controls, and employee training are vital to mitigate the risk of a cyber attack like this which does not always come from outside.